Neurogenesis is the formation of new neurons from neural stem and progenitor cells. In brain development it proceeds very actively; in the adult brain it is limited and, by current data, occurs mainly in the hippocampus — the memory area.
What neurogenesis is
New neurons arise from the nervous tissue’s stem cells. In embryonic and early childhood development this process forms the entire brain. In adults the main candidate for preserved neurogenesis is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, which is linked to memory and mood.
Adult neurogenesis in humans: the scientific debate
Here it is important to be honest: there is no consensus. Some work (Boldrini, 2018) shows that the formation of new neurons in the hippocampus is preserved into advanced old age — thousands of immature neurons even in the eighth decade of life. Others (Sorrells, 2018) find virtually none in adults. The reason for the discrepancy is different methods. Moreno-Jiménez (2019) reports abundant neurogenesis in healthy people and its sharp decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The question remains open.
What affects neurogenesis
In animals it is firmly shown that physical activity, learning and an enriched environment enhance neurogenesis, while chronic stress and aging reduce it. In humans the effect is assessed indirectly, largely through BDNF. Aerobic exercise, sleep and mental activity are considered good for hippocampal health.
Calculate using this marker
Calculators where Neurogenesis is used directly:
Frequently asked questions
Are new neurons born in an adult human?
Most likely yes, but in a limited amount and mainly in the hippocampus. The exact quantity and significance of adult neurogenesis in humans remain a matter of scientific debate because of different research methods.
How can neurogenesis be supported?
Animal data point to the benefit of aerobic activity, learning new things, an enriched environment and quality sleep; chronic stress and physical inactivity reduce neurogenesis. In humans the mechanism is assessed indirectly.
Related terms
Sources
- Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists throughout Aging — Boldrini 2018 (PMC)
- Neuroplasticity — adult neurogenesis (StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf)